
18 agosto 2021
Da settimane si parla sull’ambito di operatività ed obbligatorietà del green pass con riferimento ai lavoratori, per i quali ad oggi non solo non vige l’obbligo di presentare la certificazione verde, ma neppure la possibilità̀ che il datore di lavoro lo richieda.
Il datore di lavoro, infatti, non può̀ imporre la somministrazione del vaccino, né obbligare i propri dipendenti ad effettuare test sierologici o tamponi molecolari.
Tuttavia, come osservato dalla Fondazione Studi dei Consulenti del lavoro nell’approfondimento del 6 agosto 2021, il datore di lavoro deve assicurare che i dipendenti “non siano adibiti alla mansione lavorativa specifica senza il prescritto giudizio di idoneità̀” e nell’affidare i compiti ai lavoratori deve essere tenuto conto “delle capacità e delle condizioni degli stessi in rapporto alla loro salute e sicurezza”.
Il concetto di idoneità̀ alla mansione è strettamente legato alle attività̀ di sorveglianza sanitaria (art. 41 D.Lgs. n. 81/2008): pertanto, solo il medico competente può̀ definire idoneo o meno un lavoratore, anche nel contesto emergenziale attuale.
Il medico competente, nell’ambito delle proprie attività̀ di sorveglianza sanitaria, è invece l’unico soggetto legittimato a trattare i dati sanitari dei lavoratori e a verificare l’idoneità̀ alla “mansione specifica”.
Il datore di lavoro, infatti, non può̀ acquisire, neanche con il consenso del dipendente o tramite il medico competente, i nominativi del personale vaccinato o la copia delle certificazioni vaccinali e, quindi, del green pass.
Tuttavia, come sottolineato dalla Fondazione Studi dei Consulenti del Lavoro, il tema del trattamento dei dati relativi alla vaccinazione può̀ essere inquadrato nell’ambito della verifica dell’idoneità̀ alla mansione specifica, che consente, quindi, unicamente al medico competente di emettere giudizi di idoneità̀ parziale e/o inidoneità̀ temporanee per i lavoratori non vaccinati. Il datore di lavoro, informato del giudizio di idoneità̀ alla mansione specifica e delle eventuali prescrizioni fissate dal medico competente come condizioni di lavoro, dovrebbe attuare le misure indicate dal medico.
Qualora venga espresso un giudizio di inidoneità̀ alla mansione specifica, il datore di lavoro deve adibire il lavoratore, ove possibile, a mansioni equivalenti o inferiori garantendo il trattamento corrispondente alle mansioni di provenienza.
Costituisce eccezione il settore degli operatori sanitari, per i quali la vaccinazione costituisce requisito essenziale per l’esercizio della professione e per lo svolgimento delle prestazioni lavorative rese dai soggetti obbligati (art. 4 del D.L. 1° aprile 2021, n. 44).
Il datore di lavoro, in ogni caso, non può liberamente sospendere un lavoratore perché non è munito di green pass, ma sarà eventualmente il medico del lavoro a definire idoneo o meno il lavoratore, senza specificare al datore le motivazioni dell’eventuale inidoneità parziale o assoluta.
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