Il D.Lgs. 30.7.2020 n. 102 prevede nuovi adempimenti per le emissioni in atmosfera.
Tra l’altro pone attenzione alla qualità delle emissioni, prevedendo la sostituzione delle sostanze classificate come cancerogene o tossiche per la riproduzione o mutagene, delle sostanze di tossicità e cumulabilità particolarmente elevata e delle sostanze classificate estremamente preoccupanti dal Reg. (CE) 1907/2006 c.d. REACH.
In sintesi i gestori degli stabilimenti in cui sono utilizzate tali sostanze nei cicli produttivi da cui originano le emissioni devono inviare periodicamente all’Autorità competente (ogni 5 anni o meno in caso di modifiche) una relazione con la quale si considerano i rischi, si analizza la disponibilità di alternative e si esamina la fattibilità tecnica ed economica della sostituzione delle predette sostanze.
La norma non fornisce indicazioni sulla relazione, sulla conduzione e sugli esiti delle valutazioni e, di conseguenza, sulla necessità di apportare interventi sui cicli produttivi, modifiche che possono risultare particolarmente complesse ed onerose: dall’identificazione delle sostanze/miscele oggetto di indagine, ai criteri da utilizzare ai fini dell’analisi tecnico-economica della sostituzione, ai criteri da utilizzarsi per valutare le conclusioni fornite dal gestore.
Al fine di rendere attuabile l’adempimento, Regione Lombardia ha emanato una linea guida (delibera 7 giugno 2021 n. XI/4837 per agevolare questo adempimento:
- Chiarendo le sostanze/miscele che devono essere indagate
- Chiarendo il campo di applicazione anche alla luce di quanto già previsto dalla normativa ambientale
- Fornire criteri utili a valutare la fattibilità tecnico-economica degli interventi da attuare per la sostituzione delle sostanze/miscele oggetto di indagine, in particolare facendo riferimento al principio della “significatività” delle emissioni di tali sostanze
- delineare una procedura che consenta di adempiere alle disposizioni del decreto legislativo
I gestori di stabilimenti o di installazioni in esercizio alla data di entrata in vigore del Decreto legislativo n. 102/2020 (28 agosto 2020) la prima relazione sulle possibili alternative deve essere inviata all’Autorità Competente entro il 28 agosto 2021.
A titolo esemplificativo riportiamo la tabella prevista dalle linee guida di Regione Lombardia utile per una prima classificazione delle sostanze in uso.
| Materia prima di cui alla tabella 1 (Sostanza/miscela) | Quantitativo annuo utilizzato (kg) | Indicazione di pericolo materia prima (sostanza/miscela) | Rientrante nell’elenco (SVHC) –specificare motivo (es. PBT, ecc) | Codice CAS sostanza | Sostanza ex tabella 1 presente in emissione | Sigla emissione/i associata |
| Es. Formaldeide 24% | 20.000 | H350 | – | 50-00-0 | Formaldeide | E1 |
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